Kutshanje, i-website ye-General Administration of Customs ipapashe i-transcript yesekela-mlawuli we-ofisi ye-State export ephendula imibuzo evela kwiintatheli. Uninzi lwazo lunxibelelene nolungiselelo lolungiselelo, olufana nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokungeniswa kwempahla ngaphandle kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuphucula ulwazi kunye nenqanaba lobukrelekrele lokucocwa kwezibuko, kunye nokwandisa umjelo ogudileyo we-e-commerce we-e-commerce. Iinkcukacha zezi zilandelayo:
umfanekiso
Intatheli: kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, indawo yoshishino yase China ibisoloko ilungiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngawaphi amanyathelo athathiweyo uLawulo Jikelele lwezeRhafu ukuze luqhubeleke lukhuthaza ukuququzelelwa kokususwa kwempahla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwempahla, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthotyelwa kweendleko zokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokwenza zonke iinzame zokukhuthaza uzinzo kurhwebo lwangaphandle notyalo-mali lwangaphandle?
UDang Yingjie: njengesebe elikhokelayo ekuphuculeni imeko-bume yoshishino kumazibuko, uLawulo Jikelele lwezithethe, kunye namasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo kunye noorhulumente basekhaya, uye waphumeza ngesazela izigqibo kunye nezicwangciso zeKomiti ePhakathi yeQela kunye neBhunga leSizwe, ngokuqhubekayo ukuqinisa umsebenzi, wazisa uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo, yamkelwa uthotho lwamanyathelo anzima, ulongamelo olomeleziweyo, iinkonzo eziphuculweyo, kunye nokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo inqanaba lokuququzelela urhwebo oluwela imida, Ibe negalelo elifanelekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. -inqanaba lokuvula urhwebo lwangaphandle. Ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwi:
Okokuqala, phucula ngakumbi amaxwebhu okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngo-2020, i-General Administration of customs, kunye namasebe afanelekileyo, iya kuphinda isombulule kwaye ihlalutye izatifikethi zokulawula ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngokuhambelana nomgaqo "wokurhoxisa izatifikethi ezinokucinywa, kunye nokurhoxisa izatifikethi ezinokuphuma kwizibuko ukuze ziqinisekiswe", uLawulo Jikelele lweCustoms luya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa lula kwezatifikethi zokulawula, kunye nokuqonda ukudityaniswa kweentlobo ezimbini. yezatifikethi zokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokucinywa kolunye uhlobo lweSatifikethi sokuLawula ukusuka nge-1 kaJanuwari 2021. Okwangoku, inani lezatifikethi ezilawulayo ezifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lincitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-86 ngo-2017 ukuya kwi-41, a ukwehla ngama-52.3%. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo zezatifikethi ezingama-41, ngaphandle kweentlobo ezi-3 ezingakwaziyo ukuqhagamshelwa kwi-Intanethi ngenxa yeemeko ezikhethekileyo, zonke ezinye iindidi ezingama-38 zezatifikethi zisetyenzisiwe kwaye zaphathwa kwi-intanethi. Phakathi kwazo, iindidi ezingama-23 zezatifikethi zamkelwe “ngefestile enye” yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Zonke izatifikethi zokubeka iliso ziye zathelekiseka ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zitshekishwa kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwempahla, kwaye amashishini akufuneki ukuba angenise izatifikethi zolawulo lwamaphepha kumasiko.
Okwesibini, kuncitshiswe ngakumbi ixesha lokucocwa kwempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. I-ofisi yezibuko likarhulumente kufuneka iqinise isikhokelo samazibuko asekhaya, ibeke iliso rhoqo kwaye inike ingxelo ngalo lonke ixesha lokucocwa kwawo onke amaphondo (imimandla ezimeleyo noomasipala), kwaye yomeleze ulungelelwaniso lwamazibuko angundoqo ukunciphisa impembelelo yobhubhane ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle. Kwisiseko sokuhlonipha ukhetho lwamashishini oluzimeleyo lokukhutshwa kwempahla, izithethe zelizwe zihlala ziphucula indlela yokunyamezela iimpazamo, zikhuthaza amashishini ukuba akhethe “isibhengezo kwangethuba”, andisa ulingo “lwesibhengezo esinamanyathelo amabini” ekungeniseni ngaphandle, kwaye linciphisa ixesha. ukulungiselela isibhengezo, ukusetyenzwa kohambo kunye nokukhutshwa kwempahla. Kumazibuko aneziqinisekiso, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili nokukhuthaza “unikezelo oluthe ngqo kwicala lenqanawa” lwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye “nokufika ngokuthe ngqo ukulayishwa” kweempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuze kwandiswe ulindelo lwamashishini kwixesha lokucocwa kwezinto kunye nokuququzelela amashishini ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo. uthutho, imveliso kunye nemisebenzi yokusebenza. Kwiindawo zemoto ezingeniswayo ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso seCCC, isibhengezo siya kwenziwa phambi kokuqinisekiswa, kwaye ukwamkelwa kweziphumo zokuhlolwa komntu wesithathu kuya kuqhubeka. Ngokusebenzisa le milinganiselo ingentla, ixesha lokukhutshwa kwempahla kwi-port lincitshiswe kakhulu. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ngoMatshi ka-2021, ixesha elipheleleyo lokukhutshwa kwezinto eziphuma ngaphandle yayiziiyure ezingama-37.12, kwaye ixesha lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle lilonke ibe ziiyure ezi-1.67. Xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2017, lonke ixesha lokukhutshwa kwempahla nempahla kumazwe angaphandle lincitshiswe ngaphezu kwama-50%.
Okwesithathu, ukwehlisa ngakumbi iindleko zokuthotyelwa kwempahla evela ngaphandle nokuthumela ngaphandle. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yobhubhane kumashishini kunye nokunceda amashishini aqhube phezu kobunzima, intlanganiso yesigqeba yeBhunga kaRhulumente ifunde ngokuphindaphindiweyo umba wokunciphisa irhafu kunye nokunciphisa umrhumo. Ukusukela ngomhla woku-1 kuMatshi, umrhumo wokwakhiwa kwezibuko lokungenisa kunye nokuthumela impahla ngaphandle uxolelwe, kwaye imigangatho yokuhlawuliswa komrhumo wenkonzo yezibuko kunye nomrhumo wokhuseleko loncedo lwezibuko ithotywe ngama-20% ngokulandelelanayo. Amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo okunceda amashishini, afana nokucuthwa ngezigaba kunye nokwehliswa kweentlawulo zamazibuko, azuze ezona ziphumo. Amasebe afanelekileyo karhulumente aphumeza ngokungqongqo inkqubo yolawulo lomrhumo, acoca kwaye abeke emgangathweni umrhumo wokusebenza kunye neenkonzo zoqhagamshelwano olusuka kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye asebenza kunye ukucutha iindleko zokuthotyelwa kwekhonkco lokuthumela ngaphandle nokuthumela ngaphandle. IKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe kunye namanye amasebe asixhenxe akhuphe ngokudibeneyo kwaye aphumeza isicwangciso sokusebenza sokususa kunye nokubeka umgangatho weendleko kumazibuko olwandle, kunye nokubeka phambili amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo afana nokukhuthaza nokuphucula umgaqo-nkqubo wentlawulo yezibuko, ukuseka inkqubo yokongamela kunye nophando Iintlawulo kumazibuko olwandle, kunye nokubeka emgangathweni kunye nokukhokela indlela yokuziphatha yokuhlawulisa kwiinkampani zeenqanawa. Ukusukela ngo-2018, onke amazibuko kwilizwe liphela enze uluhlu lweentlawulo esidlangalaleni, abhengeze imigangatho yokutshaja kwaye aqaphela ixabiso eliphawulweyo. Uluhlu lweentlawulo kumazibuko kwilizwe liphela lwenziwe lwabonwa eluntwini. I-ofisi yezibuko likarhulumente iququzelele uphuhliso “lwefestile enye” yeentlawulo zezibuko zelizwe kunye nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kolwazi lwenkonzo ukukhuthaza ukubhengezwa kwe-intanethi kunye neenkonzo zokubuza nge-intanethi zezibuko, i-arhente yokuthumela ngenqanawa, ukubala kunye nezinye iintlawulo kumazibuko esizwe. Ukukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwemo yokutshaja “yexabiso elinye lokukhanya kwelanga” kumazibuko anemiqathango, nokwandisa ngakumbi ukungafihli kunye nokuthelekiseka kweentlawulo zezibuko.
Okwesine, kuphuculwe ngakumbi inqanaba lolwazi kunye nolwazi lokucocwa kwezibuko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa ngamandla umsebenzi "wefestile enye". Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngenxa yempembelelo yemeko yobhubhane ekungenisweni nasekuthumeleni ngaphandle, "ifestile enye" yaphehlelelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo umsebenzi wokubhengezwa kunye nenkonzo yokucoca amasiko kwizinto zokuthintela ubhubhane, yanika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiingenelo zenkqubo yonke ye-intanethi, yaqondwa. "Ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano" kwimicimbi yezoshishino, "ukulibaziseka kwezero" kukukhutshwa kwempahla, "ukungaphumeleli kwezero" ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo, kwaye kwanceda amashishini ukuba aqalise umsebenzi kunye nemveliso. Ukusungula indlela "yorhwebo lwangaphandle + lwezemali", uqalise ukuhlaliswa kwezizwe ngezizwe kwi-intanethi, imali-mboleko yemali, i-inshurensi yesiqinisekiso serhafu, i-inshurensi yetyala lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nezinye iinkonzo zezemali, ukusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yobunzima bemali kunye neendleko eziphezulu zezemali zamashishini amancinci, aphakathi kunye namancinci, kwaye ukuxhasa uphuhliso loqoqosho lokwenene. Okwangoku, "ifestile enye" iphumelele i-docking kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nenkqubo epheleleyo yamasebe angama-25, ekhonza onke amachweba kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseChina, kunye ne-4.22 yezigidi zabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo, iindidi ze-18 zemisebenzi yenkonzo esisiseko, izinto zenkonzo ye-729. , izigidi ezili-12 zeshishini ezibhengezwayo mihla le, ngokusisiseko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kweshishini “lokuphela” kwamashishini, kunye nenqanaba lenkonzo ebandakanyayo liye laphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sikhuthaze ngamandla ukukhutshwa kwamasiko angenamaphepha kunye ne-elektroniki. I-Shanghai, i-Tianjin kunye namanye amazibuko aselunxwemeni angundoqo aqinise ulwakhiwo lwe-Port Logistics iqonga lenkonzo ebanzi, liqhubekile nokuphumeza amaxwebhu e-elektroniki oluhlu lokunikezelwa kwezixhobo zesikhongozeli, uluhlu lokupakisha kunye ne-bill of lading, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa nge-elektroniki kwamatyala okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa. Siya kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-terminal automation, iilori zeekhonteyina ezingenamntu kunye nokubalwa ngobukrelekrele, ukukhuthaza inguqu ye "smart port", siqonde ukwabelana kwamaqela amaninzi ngedatha yolungiselelo, kwaye siphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwempahla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezibuko. Amazibuko aselunxwemeni angundoqo akhuthaza ngenkuthalo unxibelelwano lwenkonzo edityanisiweyo “yokususwa kwezithethe + nolungiselelo” kumazibuko, aphumeze inkqubo yonyino lwexesha kwimisebenzi yamazibuko ebhengezwe ziiyunithi zamazibuko, kwaye athembele “kwifestile enye” ukutyhala ulwazi lwesaziso sokuhlola kumazibuko nakwizibuko. izikhululo zokusebenza, ukuze kwandiswe ulindelo lokukhutshwa kwempahla yeshishini. Gxininisa ulwakhiwo "lwamasiko ahlakaniphile", ukukhuthaza ngamandla ukufakwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-h986, i-CT kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuhlola umatshini kumazibuko kulo lonke ilizwe, ukwandisa umda wesicelo sokuhlolwa kweemephu ezikrelekrele, ukwandisa umlinganiselo wokuhlolwa okungahlaseliyo, kunye nangaphezulu. ukuphucula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kohlolo.
Okwesihlanu, kufuneka silungelelanise ngakumbi uthintelo kunye nolawulo lobhubhane kwaye sikhuthaze uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ukususela ekuqhambukeni kobhubhane kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-General Administration of customs kunye namasebe afanelekileyo asebenze kunye ukukhuthaza ukuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nentlalontle. Ukuqinisa isikhokelo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamachweba asekuhlaleni, qalisa ngokukhawuleza indlela yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo zempilo yoluntu kumazibuko, kwaye uqinise ulawulo kunye ne-Quarantine yabasebenzi abaphumayo; Namathela kuthintelo nolawulo oluchanekileyo, sebenzisa iindlela zothintelo kunye nolawulo olwahlukileyo ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zomoya, amanzi kunye namazibuko omhlaba, uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lweendlela zokuphendula ubhubhane wezibuko, kwaye uvale kwangethuba indawo yokuhlola izibuko lomda ngokomgaqo “wokumisa abakhweli. kunye nepasi lempahla”. Ukuphanda nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokubonisa nokusebenza kwezibuko lesizwe kunye nokuhlalutya, ukubeka esweni ubume bokusebenza kwamazibuko esizwe, ngakumbi amazibuko asemdeni, enze umsebenzi oqinileyo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni ubhubhane osuka phesheya kolwandle osuka kumazibuko, nokwakha umgca wokhuselo wothintelo lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. .
Intatheli: emva kwempembelelo yobhubhani, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina lwabuyela ngokukhawuleza kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo. Idityaniswe neempawu ze-e-commerce ezinqumla imida kunye nokukhula kokuvuthuza koololiwe baseTshayina EU, ingaba uLawulo Jikelele lweZithelo (i-ofisi yezibuko likarhulumente) lunokwenza njani ngcono ubume beshishini lezibuko? Xa kujongwe imeko yangoku yophuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle, zithini iziphene zokuphucula imeko-bume yoshishino lwamazibuko kunye nendlela yokuyiphucula kwinyathelo elilandelayo? Indlela yokwakha iqonga elilungele ngakumbi urhwebo kunye notyalo-mali lwamashishini angaphandle eTshayina? Yeyiphi imizekelo ekwabelwana ngayo?
UDang Yingjie: Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina lugcine ukubuyisela kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Inyumoniya entsha ye-coronavirus isasasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye imeko yezoqoqosho yehlabathi isenzima kwaye inzima. Uphuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle lujongene nezinto ezininzi ezingazinzanga. Nangona kunjalo, amasiko aseTshayina ahlala ehlaziya kwaye ephucula inkqubo yokulawula, kwaye uqalise uluhlu lwamanyathelo ekujoliswe kuwo ukuxhasa uphuhliso olucwangcisiweyo lwababoneleli bombane abawela umda kunye nombindi weYurophu. Umzekelo, iCustoms isungule unyuso olubanzi lokuwela umda we-e-commerce yokuthumela imbuyekezo amanyathelo olawulo, lwenziwa urhwebo olusha lwe-e-commerce olunqamlezileyo ukuya kwishishini (B2B) elilingwayo lokuthumela ngaphandle, elongezelelweyo eligudileyo kumda we-e-commerce logistics. amajelo, enze zonke iinzame zokuqinisekisa ukucocwa kwamasiko ngocwangco kwincopho yemveliso ye-e-commerce ewela imida efana ne “double 11”, kunye nokuphuculwa kwezibalo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida kunye namanye amanyathelo. I-General Administration of Customs ikhuphe amanyathelo e-10 ukuxhasa ukuphuhliswa koololiwe base-China EU, okuya kukhulisa uphuhliso lwezitimela zase-China ze-EU ngokuvumela ukudityaniswa kwemiboniso kaloliwe, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo inani le-custos declaration, ukuxhasa ukwakhiwa kwe-China EU train. izikhululo hub, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso China EU ngololiwe ishishini lothutho multimodal.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indawo yoshishino lwezibuko yaseTshayina iye yaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye iziphumo ezimangalisayo zifunyenwe. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ubunzima kunye neengxaki kwi-benchmarking ngokuchasene nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo, amashishini okungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle abonise ukuba umthamo wokuthutha weendlela zamazwe ngamazwe unzima, kwaye "isitya esinye sinzima ukuyifumana" kunye nezinye iingxaki kufuneka zisonjululwe ngokucwangcisa kunye nokulungelelanisa ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zamashishini, kusekho "iibhodi ezimfutshane" kulawulo lwentsebenziswano yamazibuko, intsebenziswano enzulu phakathi kwezithethe namashishini, kunye nokwabelana ngedatha yesebe, ekufuneka kuncediswe.
Ukuze ulungelelanise ngcono imigangatho ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe, kugxininise kwiinkxalabo zabadlali bemarike, kwaye kukhuthaze uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu worhwebo lwangaphandle, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, uLawulo Jikelele lweCustoms luququzelelwe kwaye lusungule inyathelo elikhethekileyo leenyanga ezine ukukhuthaza ukulungelelaniswa kwezorhwebo kwimida ye-2021 kwizixeko ezisibhozo (iichweba) kwilizwe lonke Ulawulo lweLizwe lolawulo lwemarike kunye namanye amasebe asungule ngokudibeneyo imigaqo-nkqubo ye-18 kunye nemilinganiselo yokusombulula iingxaki "zamanqaku okuthintela", "amanqaku entlungu" kunye "namanqaku anzima ” echaphazelekayo ngabadlali bemarike bangoku ngokwenkqubo yokuphucula, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukucinezela ixesha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Okwangoku, yonke imisebenzi iqhubela phambili ngaphandle kwamagingxigingxi kwaye ifumene iziphumo ebezilindelekile.
Umzekelo, ngenxa yeempawu zothungelwano lwaselwandle, kuthatha ixesha elide ngokwentelekiso ukuba iimpahla zihambe ngenkqubo yokucocwa kwempahla kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza kwizibuko. Umgangatho weempahla ezineemfuno eziphezulu zexesha, ezifana neziqhamo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle, zithande ukuhla ngenxa yokuvalelwa kwi-port, kwaye ezinye iimpahla ezifunekayo ngokukhawuleza azikwazi ukungena ebhodini ngenxa yezinto ezininzi zokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwizibuko, Ulungiselelo olusemva lomsebenzi kunye nezinye izinto, Ukujongana nelahleko yeendleko zokubhukisha kunye nomngcipheko wokwaphulwa kwesivumelwano. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kumazibuko aselwandle, sikhuthaza ngamandla umiliselo olulingwayo “lokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwicala lenqanawa” kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye “nokufika ukulayisha ngokuthe ngqo” kweempahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazibuko afanelekileyo, ukuze kubonelelwe ngokhetho olungakumbi lwemvume yokuphuma kwamanye amazwe. iindlela zamashishini. Ngolungelelwaniso lwezikhululo zamazibuko, abanini bemithwalo, iiarhente zokuthumela inqanawa, abathumeli bempahla, amashishini ezothutho kunye nezinye iiyunithi, ukwandisa inkqubo yokusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi, ukuqonda ukukhutshwa kwempahla ekufikeni kwayo, ukuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kokukhutshwa kwempahla, ukunciphisa ixesha kunye iindleko zokulayishwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwempahla, ukupakisha, ukulinda kwi-terminal, ukunciphisa iindleko ze-logistics zamashishini, kunye nokukhulula umthamo wokupakisha we-terminal. Okwangoku, ishishini “lokulayisha ngokuthe ngqo” kunye “nokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo” liye laqhutywa ngokubanzi kumazibuko amakhulu aselunxwemeni, nto leyo eye yazisa ingeniso yokwenene kumashishini. Ukuthatha iPort yaseTianjin njengomzekelo, ngokwamkela indlela "yokunyuswa kwecala lenqanawa ngqo", ixesha lokufika kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ukuya ekulindeni ukulayishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kuncitshisiwe ukusuka kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-2-3 ukuya ngaphantsi kweeyure ze-3.
Umthombo: Ulawulo Jikelele lweCustoms
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-04-2021